Klenty published an analysis of 22,195 retry attempts across 112,225 US calls to 21,668 prospects, grouped by the time since an unanswered call. Retries made the next day were answered 14.67 percent of the time against 12.27 percent for retries within 15 minutes. Meeting rates were 9 percent against 2 percent, and negative reactions 22 percent against 35 percent.
This is useful evidence against the habit of calling straight back. It is observational data from calls placed through Klenty, with no sampling period and no controlled comparison, so treat it as a reason to run your own test and not as a promised result.